Rig Veda on Nature

1 DAWN on us with prosperity, O Usas, Daughter of the Sky, 2 They, bringing steeds and kine, boon−givers of all wealth, have oft sped forth to lighten us. 3 Usas hath dawned, and now shall dawn, the Goddess, driver forth of cars 4 Here Kanva, chief of Kanva's race, sings forth aloud the glories of the heroes' names,− 5 Like a good matron Usas comes carefully tending everything: 6 She sends the busy forth, each man to his pursuit: delay she knows not as she springs. 7 This Dawn hath yoked her steeds afar, beyond the rising of the Sun: 8 To meet her glance all living creatures bend them down: Excellent One, she makes the light. 9 Shine on us with thy radiant light, O Usas, Daughter of the Sky, 10 For in thee is each living creature's breath and life, when, Excellent! thou dawnest forth. 11 O Usas, win thyself the strength which among men is wonderful. 12 Bring from the firmament, O Usas, all the Gods, that they may drink our Soma juice, 13 May Usas whose auspicious rays are seen resplendent round about, 14 Mighty One, whom the Rsis of old time invoked for their protection and their help, 15 Usas, as thou with light to day hast opened the twin doors of heaven, 16 Bring us to wealth abundant, sent in every shape, to plentiful refreshing food,

2 Arrows with hundred points, unconquerable, are this Indra's n−dghty arms in war. 3 What time the flowing Soma−drops have gladdened with their taste the Friend, 4 To him the peerless, who is calling you to give you aid, forth flow the drops of pleasant meath. 5 He rushes hurrying like a steed to Soma that adorns our rite, 6 Praise the strong, grasping Hero, winner of the spoil, ruling supreme oer mighty wealth. 7 Now whether thou be far away, or in the heavens, or on the earth, 8 The Bays who draw thy chariot, Steeds who injure none, surpass the wind's impetuous strength− 9 O gracious Hero, may we learn anew to know thee as thou art: 10 As, Maghavan, to Kanva at the sacred feast, to Dirghanitha thine home−friend,

2 Pervade, O Pavamana, all our treasures with repeated light, 3 Pour on us, Pavamana, rain, as service and rain praise for Gods: 4 Thou art a Steer by lustre: we, O Pavamana, faithfully 5 Do thou, rejoicing, nobly−armed! pour upon us heroic strength: 6 When thou art cleansed with both the hands and dipped in waters, with the wood.

2 They spring to birth, the lofty Ones, the Bulls of Heaven, divine, the youths of Rudra, free from spot an 3 Young Rudras, demon−slayers, never growing old, they have waxed, even as mountains, irresistible. 4 With glittering ornaments they deck them forth for show; for beauty on their breasts they bind their chai 5 Loud roarers, giving strength, devourers of the foe, they make the winds, they make the lightnings with 6 The bounteous Maruts with the fatness dropping milk fill full the waters which avail in solenm rites. 7 Mighty, with wondrous power and marvellously bright, selfstrong like mountains, ye glide swiftly on y 8 Exceeding wise they roar like lions mightily, they, all−possessing, are beauteous as antelopes; 9 Heroes who march in companies, befriending man, with serpents' ire through strength, ye greet the earth 10 Lords of all riches, dwelling in the home of wealth, endowed with mighty vigour, singers loud of voice 11 They who with golden fellies make the rain increase drive forward the big clouds like wanderers on th 12 The progeny of Rudra we invoke with prayer, the brisk, the bright, the worshipful, the active Ones 13 Maruts, the man whom ye have guarded with your help, he verily in strength surpasseth all mankind. 14 O Maruts, to the worshippers give glorious strength invincible in battle, brilliant, bringing wealth, 15 Will ye then, O ye Maruts, grant us riches, durable, rich in men, defying onslaught.

1 Come, fain for booty let us seek to Indra: yet more shall he increase his care that guides us. 2 I fly to him invisible Wealth−giver as flies the falcon to his cherished eyrie, 3 Mid all his host, he bindeth on the quiver he driveth cattle from what foe he pleaseth: 4 Thou slewest with thy bolt the wealthy Dasyu, alone, yet going with thy helpers, Indra! 5 Fighting with pious worshippers, the riteless turned and fled, Indra! with averted faces. 6 They met in fight the army of the blameless. then the Navagvas put forth all their power. 7 Whether they weep or laugh, thou hast o'erthrown them, O Indra, on the sky's extremest limit. 8 Adorned with their array of gold and jewels, they o'er the earth a covering veil extended. 9 As thou enjoyest heaven and earth, O Indra, on every side surrounded with thy greatness, 10 They who pervaded earth's extremest limit subdued not with their charms the Wealth−bestower: 11 The waters flowed according to their nature; he raid the navigable streams waxed mighty. 12 Indra broke through Ilibisa's strong castles, and Suspa with his horn he cut to pieces: 13 Fierce on his enemies fell Indra's weapon: with. his sharp bull he rent their forts in pieces. 14 Indra, thou helpest Kutsa whom thou lovedst, and guardedst brave Dagadyu when he battled, 15 Svitra's mild steer, O Maghavan thou helpest in combat for the land, mid Tugra's houses.

2 These Brahmanaspati produced with blast and smelting, like a Smith, 3 Existence, in the earliest age of Gods, from Non−existence sprang. 4 Earth sprang from the Productive Power the regions from the earth were born. 5 For Aditi, O Daksa, she who is thy Daughter, was brought forth. 6 When ye, O Gods, in yonder deep closeclasping one another stood,

2 Thus, Soma, watchful, bearing well, cheering the Gods, flow past the sieve, 3 Excellent Pavamana, make the lights shine brightly out for us. 4 He, beautified by pious men, and coming from their hands adorned, 5 May Soma pour all treasures of the heavens, the earth, the firmament 6 Thou mountest to the height of heaven, O Soma, seeking steeds and kine,

2 Here is the psalm for wealth, and food, in plenty: let us do many deeds to bring us glory. 3 May we o'ercome our foes with acts of valour, as heaven is over earth, hills over lowlands. 4 Give us not up as prey to death, O Sorna still let us look upon the Sun arising. 5 O Asuniti, keep the soul within us, and make the days we have to live yet longer. 6 Give us our sight again, O Asuniti, give us again our breath and our enjoyment. 7 May Earth restore to us our vital spirit, may Heaven the Goddess and mid−air restore it. 8 May both Worlds bless Subandhu, young Mothers of everlasting Law. 9 Health−giving medicines descend sent down from heaven in twos and threes, 10 Drive forward thou the wagon−ox, O Indra, which brought Usinarani's wagon hither.

2 O Indu, high o'er heaven and earth be thou, increaser of our might: 3 The winds are gracious in their love to thee, the rivers flow to thee 4 Soma, wax great. From every side may vigorous powers unite in thee: 5 For thee, brown−hued! the kine have poured imperishable oil and milk. 6 Friendship, O Indu, we desire with thee who bearest noble arms,

2 Our sires with lauds burst e'en the firmset fortress, yea, the Angirases, with roar, the mountain. 3 They stablished order, made his service fruitful; then parting them among the longing faithful, 4 Since Matarisvan, far−diffused, bath stirred him, and he in every house grown bright and noble, 5 When man poured juice to Heaven, the mighty Father, he knew and freed himself from close embracem 6 Whoso, bath flames for thee within his dwelling, or brings the worship which thou lovest daily, 7 All sacrificial viands wait on Agni as the Seven mighty Rivers seek the ocean. 8 When light bath filled the Lord of men for increase, straight from the heaven descends the limpid moist 9 He who like thought goes swiftly on his journey, the Sun, alone is ever Lord of riches. 10 O Agni, break not our ancestral friendship, Sage as thou art, endowed with deepest knowledge.

2 He, bearing in his hand all manly might, crouched in the cavern, struck the Gods with fear. 3 He, like the Unborn, holds the broad earth up; and with effective utterance fixed the sky. 4 Whoso hath known him dwelling in his lair, and hath approached the stream of holy Law,− 5 He who grows mightily in herbs, within each fruitful mother and each babe she bears,

2 Let us declare aloud the name of Ghrta, and at this sacrifice hold it up with homage. 3 Four are his horns, three are the feet that bear him; his heads are two, his hands are seven in number. 4 That oil in triple shape the Gods discovered laid down within the Cow, concealed by Panis. 5 From inmost reservoir in countless channels flow down these rivers which the foe beholds not. 6 Like rivers our libations flow together, cleansing themselves in inmost heart and spirit. 7 As rushing down the rapids of a river, flow swifter than the wind the vigorous currents, 9 As maidens dock themselves with gay adornment to join the bridal feast, I now behold them. 10 Send to our eulogy a herd of cattle bestow upon us excellent possessions. 11 The universe depends upon thy power and might within the sea, within the heart, within all life.

2 Or if for Manu.ye prepared the sacrifice, remember also Kanva's son. 3 Those Asvins I invoke who work marvels, brought hither to receive, 4 On whom the solemn rites depend, whose worshippers rise without the Sun: 5 Whether ye, Lords of ample wealth, now linger in the cast or west, 6 Lords of great riches, whether through the firmament ye fly or speed through heaven and earth,

2 Ye freed that Atri like a horse, and brought him newly−born to earth. 3 Heroes who showed most wondrous power to Atri, strive to win fair songs; 4 This claims your notice, Bounteous Gods! − oblation, Asvins! and our love, 5 Ye Twain to Bhujyu tossed about in ocean at the region's end, 6 Come with your joys, most liberal Gods, Lords of all treasures, bringing weal.

2 give us not as a prey to death, to be destroyed by thee in wrath, 3 To gain thy mercy, Varuna, with hymns we bind thy heart, as binds 4 They flee from me dispirited, bent only on obtaining wealths 5 When shall we bring, to be appeased, the Hero, Lord of warrior might, 6 This, this with joy they both accept in common: never do they fail 7 He knows the path of birds that fly through heaven, and, Sovran of the sea, 8 True to his holy law, he knows the twelve moons with their progeny: 9 He knows the pathway of the wind, the spreading, high, and mighty wind 10 Varuna, true to holy law, sits down among his people; he, 11 From thence percerving he beholds all wondrous things, both what hath been, 12 May that Aditya, very −wise, make fair paths for us all our days: 13 Varuna, wearing golden mail, hath clad him in a shining robe. 14 The God whom enemies threaten not, nor those who tyrannize o'er men, 15 He who gives glory to mankind, not glory that is incomplete, 16 Yearning for the wide−seeing One, my thoughts move onward unto him, 17 Once more together let us speak, because my meath is brought: priest−like 18 Now saw I him whom all may see, I saw his car above the earth: 19 Varuna, hear this call of mine: be gracious unto us this day 20 Thou, O wise God, art Lord of all, thou art the King of earth and heaven 21 Release us from the upper bond, untie the bond between, and loose

2 Whose lofty might−for doubly strong is he−supports the heavens and earth, 3 Such, Praised by many! thou art King alone thou smitest Vrtras dead, 4 We sing this strong and wild delight of thine which conquers in the fray, 5 Wherewith thou also foundest lights for Ayu and for Manu's sake: 6 This day too singers of the hymn praise, as of old, this might of thine: 7 That lofty Indra−power of thine, thy strength and thine intelligence, 8 O Indra, Heaven and Earth augment thy manly power and thy renown; 9 Visnu the lofty ruling Power, Varuna, Mitra sing thy praise: 10 O Indra, thou wast born the Lord of men, most liberal of thy gifts: 11 Ever, alone, O highly−praised, thou sendest Vrtras to their rest: 12 Though here and there, in varied hymns, Indra, men call on thee for aid, 13 Already have all forms of him entered our spacious dwelling−place:

2 Indra, thou humbledst tribes that spake with insult by breaking down seven autumn forts, their refuge. 3 With whom thou drivest troops whose lords are heroes, and bringest daylight now, much worshipped In 4 They through the greatness of thy spear, O Indra, shall, to thy praise, rest in this earthly station. 5 Indra, bear Kutsa, him in whom thou joyest: the dark−red horses of the Wind are docile. 6 Thou Indra, Lord of Bays, made strong by impulse, hast slain the vexers of thy friends, who give not. 7 Indra, the bard sang forth in inspiration: thou madest earth a covering for the Dasa. 8 These thine old deeds new bards have sung, O Indra. Thou conqueredst, boundest many tribes for ever. 9 A Stormer thou hast made the stormy waters flow down, O Indra, like the running rivers. 10 Indra, mayst thou be ours in all occasions, protector of the men, most gentle−hearted,

2 The Munis, girdled with the wind, wear garments soiled of yellow hue. 3 Transported with our Munihood we have pressed on into the winds: 4 The Muni, made associate in the holy work of every God, 5 The Steed of Vata, Vayu's friend, the Muni, by the Gods impelled, 6 Treading the path of sylvan beasts, Gandharvas, and Apsarases, 7 Vayu hath churned for him: for him he poundeth things most hard to bend, 2 Two several winds are blowing here, from Sindhu, from a distant land. 3 Hither, O Wind, blow healing balm, blow all disease away, thou Wind; 4 I am come nigh to thee with balms to give thee rest and keep thee safe. 5 Here let the Gods deliver him, the Maruts' band deliver him: 6 The Waters have their healing power, the Waters drive disease away. 7 The tongue that leads the voice precedes. Then with our ten−fold branching hands,

2 The Fathers, who drave forth the wealth in cattle, have in the year's courses cleft Vala by Eternal Law: 3 Ye raised the Sun to heaven by everlasting Law, and spread broad earth, the Mother, out on every side. 4 This kinsman in your dwellingplace speaks pleasant words: give car to this, ye Rsis, children of the God 5 Distinguished by their varied form, these Rsis have been deeply moved. 6 Distinguished by their varied form, they sprang from Agni, from the sky. 7 With Indra for associate the priests have cleared the stable full of steeds and kine, 8 May this man's sons be multiplied; like springing corn may Manu grow, 9 No one attains to him, as though a man would grasp the heights of heaven. 10 Yadu and Turva, too, have given two Dasas, well−disposed, to serve, 11 Blest be the hamlet's chief, most liberal Manu, and may his bounty rival that of Surya.

2 Lord of Bay Steeds, fair−helmed, rejoice thee: this we crave. Here the disposers wait on thee. 3 Turning, as 'twere, to meet the Sun, enjoy from Indra all good things. 4 Praise him who sends us wealth, whose bounties injure none: good are the gifts which Indra. grants. 5 Thou in thy battles, Indra, art subduer of all hostile bands. 6 The Earth and Heaven clung close to thy victorious might as to their calf two mother−cows. 7 Bring to your aid the Eternal One, who shoots and none may shoot at him, 8 Arranger of things unarranged, e'en Satakratu, source of might, 2 The food of meath in foremost place I give thee, thy Soma shall be pressed, thy share appointed. 3 Striving for strength bring forth a laud to Indra, a truthful hymn if he in truth existeth. 4 Here am I, look upon me here, O singer. All that existeth 1 surpass in greatness. 5 When the Law's lovers mounted and ap. proached me as 1 sate lone upon the dear sky's summit. 6 All these thy deeds must be declared at Soma−feasts, wrought, Indra, Bounteous Lord, for him who she 7 Now run ye forth your several ways: he is not here who kept you back. 8 On−rushing with the speed of thought within the iron fort he pressed: 9 Deep in the ocean lies the bolt with waters compassed round about, 10 When, uttering words which no one comprehended, Vak, Queen of Gods, the Gladdener, was seated, 11 The Deities generated Vak the Goddess, and animals of every figure speak her. 12 Step forth with wider stride, my comrade Visnu; make room, Dyaus, for the leaping of the lightning.

2 For they are Asuras of Gods, the friendly make, both of you, our lands exceeding fruitful. 3 Bonds of the sinner, they bear many nooses: the wicked mortal hardly may escape them. 4 Come, taste our offering, Varuna and Mitra: bedew our pasture wil sweet food and fatness. 5 To you this laud, O Varuna and Mitra, is offered, like bright Soma juice to Vayu. 2 The Two exceeding wise, the Sons of Daksa, whom the gods ordained 3 Such, Guardians of our homes and us, O Mitra−Varuna, fulfil 4 So when the Sun hath risen to−day, may sinless Mitra, Aryaman, 5 May this our home be guarded well forward, ye Bounteous, on the way, 7 Soon as the Sun hath risen, to you, to Mitra−Varuna, I sing, 8 With wealth of gold may this my song bring unmolested power and might, 9 May we be thine, God Varuna, and with our princes, Mitra, thine. 10 Many are they who strengthen Law, Sun−eyed, with Agni for their tongue, 11 They who have stablished year and month and then the day, night, sacrifice and holy verse, 12 So at the rising of the Sun we think of you with hymns to−day, 13 True to Law, born in Law the strengtheners of Law, terrible, haters of the false, 14 Uprises, on the slope of heaven, that marvel that attracts die sight 15 Lord of each single head, of fixt and moving things, equally through the whole expanse, 16 A hundred autumns may we see that bright Eye, God−ordained, arise 17 Infallible through your wisdom, come hither, resplendent Varuna, 18 Come as the laws of Heaven ordain, Varuna, Mitra, void of guile: 19 Come, Mitra, Varuna, accept, Heroes, our sacrificial gift:

2 So, too, like charioteers are they, Mitra and sapient Varuna, 3 These Twain, possessors of all wealth, most glorious, for supremest sway 4 Great Varuna and Mitra, Gods, Asuras and imperial Lords, 5 The offspring of a lofty Power, Daksa's Two Sons exceeding strong, 6 Ye who have gathered up your gifts, celestial and terrestrial food, 7 The Twain, who from the lofty sky seem to look down on herds below, 8 They, true to Law, exceeding strong, have sat them down for savran rule: 9 Pathfinders even better than the eye, with unobstructed sight, 10 So may the Goddess Aditi, may the Nasatyas guard us well, 11 Do ye, O Bounteous Gods, protect our dwelling lace by day and night: 12 May we, unharmed, serve bountiful Visnu, the God who slayeth none: 13 This sure protection we elect, desirable and reaching far, 14 And may the Sindhu of the floods, the Maruts, and the ASvin Pair, 15 Because these warring Heroes stay the enmity of every foe, 16 Here this one God, the Lord of men, looks forth exceeding far and wide: 17 We keep the old accustomed laws, the statutes of supremacy, 18 He who hath measured with his ray the boundaries of heaven and earth, 19 Surya hath spread his light aloft up to the region of the sky, 20 With him who sits afar the word is lord of food that comes from kine, 21 So unto Surya, Heaven, and Earth at morning and at eve I speak. 22 From Uksanyayana a bay, from Harayana a white steed, 23 These two shall bring me further gain of troops of tawny−coloured steeds, 24 And the two sages have I gained who hold the reins and bear the whip,

2 Widely−capacious Pair, mighty, that never fail, the Father and the Mother keep all creatures safe: 3 Son of these Parents, he the Priest with power to cleanse, Sage, sanctifies the worlds with his surpassing 4 Among the skilful Gods most skilled is he, who made the two world−halves which bring prosperity to al 5 Extolled in song, O Heaven and Earth, bestow on us, ye mighty Pair, great glory and high lordly sway,

2 Having gone up on high, the God broadhanded spreads his arms widely forth that all may mark him. 3 Though borne by swift steeds he will yet unyoke them: e'en the fleet chariot hath he stayed from going. 4 What was spread out she weaves afresh, re−weaving: the skilful leaves his labour half−completed. 5 Tlirough various dwellings, through entire existence, spreads, manifest, the household light of Agni. 6 He comes again, unfolded, fain for conquest: at home was he, the love of all things moving. 7 The wild beasts spread through desert places seeking their watery share which thou hast set in waters. 8 With utmost speed, in restless haste at sunset Varuna seeks his watery habitation. 9 Him whose high law not Varuna nor Indra, not Mitra, Aryaman, nor Rudra breaketh, 10 May they who strengthen bliss, and thought and wisdom, and the Dames' Lord and Narasamsa aid us. 11 So come to us our hearts' desire, the bounty bestowed by thee, from heaven and earth and waters, 2 Moving at morning like two chr−borne heroes, like to a pair of goats ye come electing; 3 Like to a pair of horns come first to usward, like to a pair of hoofs with rapid motion; 4 Bear us across the rivers like two vessels, save us as ye were yokes, naves, spokes and fellies. 5 Like two winds ageing not, two confluent rivers, come with quick vision like two eyes before us. 6 Even as two lips that with the mouth speak honey, even as two breasts that nourish our existence, 7 Like two hands give ye us increasing vigour; like heaven and earth constrain the airy regions. 8 These prayers of ours exalting you, O Asvins, have the GrtSamadas, for a laud, made ready.

2 Bull, hurler of the four−edged rain−producer with both his arms, strong, mighty, most heroic; 3 God who of all the Gods was born divinest, endowed with ample strength and mighty powers, 4 Before the High God, at his birth, heaven trembled, earth, many floods and all the precipices. 5 These are thy great deeds, Indra, thine, the Mighty, deeds to be told aloud at all libations, 6 True are all these thy deeds, O Most Heroic. The Milch−kine issued from the streaming udder. 7 With joy, O Indra, Lord of Tawny Coursers, the Sisters then, these Goddesses, extolled thee, 8 Pressed is the gladdening stalk as 'twere a river: so let the rite, the toiler's power, attract thee 9 Ever by us perform thy most heroic, thine highest, best victorious deeds, O Victor. 10 Graciously listen to our prayer, O Indra, and strength of varied sort bestow thou on us. 11 Now, Indra! lauded, glorified with praises, let wealth swell hiah like rivers to the singer.

2 Ye ministers, to him who with the lightning smote, like a tree, the rain−withholding Vrtra− 3 Ye ministers, to him who smote Drhhikas who drove the kine forth, and discovered Vala, 4 Him who did Urana to death, Adhvaryus! though showing arms ninety−and−nine in number; 5 Ye ministers, to him who struck down Svasna, and did to death Vyamsa and greedy Susna, 6 Ye ministers, to him who as with thunder demolished Sambara's hundred ancient castles; 7 Ye ministers, to him who slew a hundred thousand, and cast them down upon earth's bosom; 8 Ministers, men, whatever thing ye long for obtain ye quickly bringing gifts to Indra. 9 Do ye, O ministers, obey his order: that purified in wood, in wood uplift ye. 10 As the cow's udder teems with milk, Adhvaryus, so fill with Soma Indra, liberal giver. 11 Him, ministers, the Lord of heavenly treasure and all terrestrial wealth that earth possesses, 12 Prepare thyself to grant us that great booty, O Vasu, for abundant is thy treasure.

2 Pure in her course from mountains to the ocean, alone of streams Sarasvati hath listened. 3 Friendly to man he grew among the women, a strong young Steer amid the Holy Ladies. 4 May this Sarasvati be pleased and listen at this our sacrifice, auspicious Lady, 5 These offerings have ye made with adoration: say this, Sarasvati, and accept our praises; 6 For thee, O Blest Sarasvati, Vasistha hath here unbarred the doors d sacred Order.

2 Thou didst destroy the Dragon: thou sentest the rivers down to earth. 3 Destroyed be all malignities and all our enemy's designs. 4 The robber people round about, Indra, who watch and aim at us,− 5 Whoso assails us, Indra, be the man a stranger or akin, 6 Close to thy friendship do we cling, O Indra, and depend, or, thee. 7 Do thou bestow upon us her, O Indra, who yields according to the singer's longing,

2 Swift as wide winds they lightly move, like rain−storms of Parjanya, like 3 These Soma juices, blent with curds, purified, skilled in sacred hymns, 4 Immortal, cleansed, these drops, since first they flowed, have never wearied, fain 5 Advancing they have travelled o'er the ridges of the earth and heaven, 6 Over the heights have they attained the highest thread that is spun out, 7 Thou, Soma, boldest wealth in kine which thou hast seized from niggard churls:

2 Looking on man, O Varuna and Mitra, this Sun ascendeth up by both the pathways, 3 He from their home hath yoked the Seven gold Coursers who, dropping oil and fatness, carry Surya. 4 Your coursers rich in store of sweets have mounted: to the bright ocean Surya hath ascended, 5 For these, even Aryaman, Varuna and Mitra, are the chastisers of all guile and falsehood. 6 These, Mitra, Varuna whom none deceiveth, with great power quicken even the fool to wisdom, 7 They ever vigilant, with eyes that close not, caring for heaven and earth, lead on the thoughtless. 8 When Aditi and Varuna and Mitra, like guardians, give Sudas their friendly shelter, 9 May he with ofierings purify the altar from any stains of Varuna's reviler. 10 Hid from our eyes is their resplendent meeting: by their mysterious might they hold dominion. 11 He who wins favour for his prayer by worship, that he may gain him strength and highest riches, 12 This priestly task, Gods! Varuna and Mitra! hath been performed for you at sacrifices.

2 Forward to us the drops, distilling meath, shall flow, like riches for whose sake we urge the horses on. 3 Yea, yerily, foe of hate shown to himself is he, yea, verity, destroyer too of other hate. 4 Near kin to thee is he, raised loftiest in the heavens: upon the earth's high ridge thy scions have grown f 5 So do they hurry on thy strong and beauteous juice, O Indu, as the first ingredient of the draught.

2 The Son of Angirases, meeting the cattle, as Bhaga, brought in Aryaman among us. 3 Brhaspati, having won them from the mountains, strewed down, like barley out of winnowing− baskets, 4 As the Sun dews with meath the seat of Order, and casts a flaming meteor down from heaven. 5 Forth from mid air with light he dravc the darkness, as the gale blows a lily from the fiver. 6 Brhaspati, when he with fiery lightnings cleft through the weapon of reviling Vala, 7 That secret name borne by the lowing cattle within the cave Brhaspati discovered, 8 He looked around on rock−imprisoned sweetness as one who eyes a fish in scanty water. 9 He found the light of heaven, and fire, and Morning: with lucid rays he forced apart the darkness. 10 As trees for foliage robbed by winter, Vala mourned for the cows Brhaspati had taken. 11 Like a dark steed adorned with pearl, the Fathers have decorated heaven With constellation 12 This homage have we.offered to the Cloud God who thunders out to many in succession.

3 Father who made us, he who, as Disposer, knoweth all races and all things existing, 4 To him in sacrifice they offered treasures,−Rsis of old, in numerous troops, as singers, 5 That which is earlier than this earth and heaven, before the Asuras and Gods had being,− 6 The waters, they received that germ primeval wherein the Gods were gathefed all together. 7 Ye will not find him who produced these creatures: another thing hath risen up among you.

3 They come to him, red, tawny, Lord of Heaven, the watchful Guardian of the meath, the Lion. 4 They harness to the broad−wheeled car the mighty Courser whose back bears meath, unwearied, awful. 5 Four pouring out the holy oil attend him, sitting together in the same container. 6 He is the buttress of the heavens, supporter of earth, and in his hand are all the people. 7 Fighting, uninjured come where Gods are feasted; Soma, as Vitra−slayer flow for Indra.

2 Vena draws up his wave from out the ocean. mist−born, the fair one's back is made apparent, 3 Full many, lowing to their joint−possession, dwelling together stood the Darling's Mothers. 4 Knowing his form, the sages yearned to meet him: they have come nigh to hear the wild Bull's bellow. 5 The Apsaras, the Lady, sweetly smiling, supports her Lover in sublimest heaven. 6 They gaze on thee with longing in their spirit, as on a strong−winged bird that mounteth sky−ward;

2 Indra and Pusan, deft of hand and mighty, well−pleased have drained the heaven's exhaustless udder. 3 Fain to lend vigour to the Bull, the siste.. with reverence recognize the germ within him. 4 Fixing with thought, at sacrifice, the press−stones, I bid the well−formed Heaven and Earth come hither 5 Agni, thy meath−sweet tongue that tastes fair viands, which among Gods is called the far−extended,− 6 Let thy stream give us drink, O God, O Agni, wonderful and exhaustless like the rain−clouds.

2 I stimulate thy zeal, the Strong, the Hero decking my song of praise forth; Immortal. 3 Leading, his band Indra encompassed Vrtra; weak grew the wily leader of enchanters. 4 Indra, light−winner, days' Creator, conquered, victorious, hostile bands with those who loved him. 5 Forward to fiercely falling blows pressed Indra, herolike doing many hero exploits. 6 They laud the mighty acts of him the Mighty, the many glorious deeds performed by Indra. 7 Lord of the brave, Indra who rules the people gave freedom to the Gods by might and battle. 8 Excellent, Conqueror, the victory−giver, the winner of the light and Godlike Waters, 9 He gained possession of the Sun and Horses, Indra obtained the Cow who feedeth many. 10 He took the plants and days for his possession; he gained the forest trees and air's mid−region. 11 Call we on Maghavan, auspicious Indra, best Hero in the fight where spoil is gathered, 2 For him, the God who is invoked by many, the two swift Bay Steeds to the pole I harness, 3 Bring the strong Steeds who drink the warm libation, and, Bull of Godlike nature, be thou gracious. 4 Those who are yoked by prayer I harness, fleet friendly Bays who take their joy together. 5 No other worshippers must stay beside them thy Bays, thy vigorous and smooth−backed Coursers. 6 Thine is this Sorna: hasten to approach it. Drink thou thereof, benevolent, and cease not. 7 The grass is strewn for thee, pressed is the Soma; the grain is ready for thy Bays to feed on. 8 This the sweet draught, with cows, the men, the mountains, the waters, Indra, have for thee made ready. 9 The Maruts, they with whom thou sharedst Soma, Indra, who made thee strong and were thine army,− 10 Drink, Indra, of the juice by thine own nature, or by the tongue of Agni, O thou Holy. 11 Call we on Maghavan, auspicious Indra, best Hero in the fight where spoil is gathered,

2 Robed in fair raiment meet to wear in battle, a mighty Sage pronouncing invocations. 3 Dear, he is brightened on the fleecy summit, a Prince among us, nobler than the noble. 4 Let us sing praises to the Gods: sing loudly, send ye the Soma forth for mighty riches. 5 Winning the friendship of the Deities, Indu flows in a thousand streams to make them joyful. 6 Flow, Gold−hued, cleansing thee, to enrich the singer: let thy juice go to Indra to support him. 7 The God declares the Deities' generations, like Usana, proclaiming lofty wisdom. 8 The Swans, the Vrsaganas from anear us have brought their restless spirit to our dwelling. 9 He follows the Wide−strider's rapid movement: cows low, as 'twere, to him who sports at pleasure. 10 Strong Indu, bathed in milk, flows on for Indra, Soma exciting strength, to make him joyful. 11 Then in a stream he flows, milked out with press−stones, mingled with sweetness, through the fleecy 12 As he is purified he pours out treasures, a God bedewing Gods with his own juices. 13 The Red Bull bellowing to the kine advances, causing the heavens and earth to roar and tbunder. 14 Swelling with milk, abounding in sweet flavours, urging the meath−rich plant thou goest onward. 15 So flow thou on inspiriting, for rapture, aiming deatb−shafts at him who stays the waters, 16 Pleased with us, Indu, send us as thou flowest good easy paths in ample space and comforts. 17 Pour on us rain celestial, quickly streaming, refreshing, fraught with health and ready bounty. 18 Part, like a knotted tangle, while they cleanse thee, O Soma, righteous and unrighteous conduct. 19 For the God's service, for delight, O Indu, run o'er the height, run o'ver the fleecy summit. 20 Without a car, without a rein to guide them, unyoked, like coursers started in the contest, 21 So for our banquet of the Gods, O Indu, pour down the rain of heaven into the vessels.

2 The Seven Rivers bear his glory far and wide, and heaven and sky and earth display his comely form. 3 Maghavan, grant us that same car to bring us spoil, thy conquering car in which we joy in shock of fight 4 Encourage thou our side in every fight: may we, with thee for our ally, conquer the foeman's host. 5 For here in divers ways these men invoking thee, holder of treasures, sing hymns to win thine aid. 6 His arms win kine, his power is boundless in each act best, with a hundred helps waker of battle's din 7 Thy glory, Maghavan, exceeds a hundred yea, more than a hundred, than a thousand mid the folk, 8 Of thy great might there is a three counterpart, the three earths, Lord men and the three realms of light. 9 We invocate thee first among the Deities: thou hast become a mighty Conquer in fight. 10 Thou hast prevailed, and hast not kept the booty back, in trifling battles in those of great account. 11 May Indra evermore be our Protector, and unimperilled may we win the booty.

2 In thee, effused, O Soma, we rejoice ourselves for great supremacy in fight. 3 O Pavamana, thou didst generate the Sun, and spread the moisture out with power, 4 Thou didst produce him, Deathless God mid mortal men for maintenance of Law and lovely Amrta: 5 All round about hast thou with glory pierced for us as 'twere a never−failing well for men to drink, 6 Then, beautifully radiant, certain Heavenly Ones, have sung to him their kinship as they looked thereon, 7 Soma, the men of old whose grass was trimmed addressed the hymn to thee for mighty strength and for 8 They have drained forth from out the great depth of the sky the old primeval milk of heaven that claims 9 As long as thou, O Pavamana, art above this earth and heaven and all existence in thy might, 10 In the sheep's wool hath Soma Pavamana flowed, while they cleanse him, like a playful infant, 11 Holy and sweet, while purified, this Indu flows on, a wave of pleasant taste, to Indra,− 12 So flow thou on, subduing our assailants, chasing the demons hard to beencountered,

2 This Purusa is all that yet hath been and all that is to be; 3 So mighty is his greatness; yea, greater than this is Purusa. 4 With three−fourths Purusa went up: onefourth of him again was here. 5 From him Viraj was born; again Purusa from Viraj was born. 6 When Gods prepared the sacrifice with Purusa as their offering, 7 They balmed as victim on the grass Purusa born in earliest time. 8 From that great general sacrifice the dripping fat was gathered up. 9 From that great general sacrifice Rcas and Sama−hymns were born: 10 From it were horses born, from it all cattle with two rows of teeth: 11 When they divided Purusa how many portions did they make? 12 The Brahman was his mouth, of both his arms was the Rajanya made. 13 The Moon was gendered from his mind, and from his eye the Sun had birth; 14 Forth from his navel came mid−air the sky was fashioned from his head 15 Seven fencing−sticks had he, thrice seven layers of fuel were prepared, 16 Gods, sacrificing, sacrificed the victim these were the carliest holy ordinances.

2 Yea, mighty I esteem his Godlike nature: none hindereth what he hath once determined. 3 E'en now endures thine exploit of the Rivers, when, Indra, for their floods thou clavest passage. 4 This is the truth, none else is like thee, Indra, no God superior to thee, no mortal. Thou sle 2 Through fear of thee, O Indra, all the regions of earth, though naught may move them, shake and trembl 3 With Kutsa, Indra! thou didst conquer Susna, voracious, bane of crops, in fight for cattle. 4 Thou smotest to the ground the hundred castles, impregnable, of Sambara the Dasyu, 5 As such, true Hero, for great joy of battle mount thy terrific car, O Brave and Manly. 2 Amid the sages, with the Sun he brightened the Parents: glorified, he burst the mountain; 3 Famed for great deeds, with priests who kneel and laud him, he still hath conquered in the frays for cattl 4 Come with thy girthed mares, with abundant vigour and plenteous strength to him who sings thy praises 5 Indra with rush and might, sped by his Coursers, hath swiftly won the waters from the southward.

2 In thy kind grace and favour may we still be strong: expose us not to foe's attack. 3 May these my songs of praise exalt thee, Lord, who hast abundant wealth. 4 He, with his might enhanced by Rsis thousandfold, hath like an ocean spread himself. 5 Indra for worship of the Gods, Indra while sacrifice proceeds, 6 With might hath Indra spread out heaven and earth, with power hath Indra lighted up the Sun. 7 Men with their lauds are urging thee, Indra, to drink the Soma first. 8 Indra increased his manly strength at sacrifice, in the wild rapture of this juice. 9 I crave of thee that hero strength, that thou mayst first regard this prayer, 10 Wherewith thou sentest mighty waters to the sea, that, Indra, is thy manly strength. 11 Help us, O Indra, when we pray to thee for wealth and hero might. 12 Help for us, Indra, as thou holpest Paura once, this man's devotions bent on gain. 13 What newest of imploring prayers shall, then, the zealous mortal sing? 14 When shall they keep the Law and praise thee mid the Gods? Who counts as Rsi and as sage? 15 These songs of ours exceeding sweet, these hymns of praise ascend to thee, 16 The Bhrgus are like Suns, like Kanvas, and have gained all that their thoughts were bent upon. 17 Best slayer of the Vrtras, yoke thy Bay Steeds, Indra, from afar. 18 For these, the bards and singers, have cried out to thee with prayer, to gain the sacrifice. 19 Thou from the lofty plains above, O Indra, hurledst Vrtra down. 20 Bright were the flaming fires, the Sun gave forth his shine, and Soma, Indra's juice, shone clear. 21 The fairest courser of them all, who runneth on as 'twere to heaven. 22 To me hath Pakasthaman given, a ruddy horse,good at the pole, 23 Compared with whom no other ten strong coursers, harnessed to the pole, 24 Raiment is body, food is life, and healing ointment giveth strength.

20 Two Birds with fair wings, knit with bonds of friendship, in the same sheltering tree have found a refu 21 Where those fine Birds hymn ceaselessly their portion of life eternal, and the sacred synods, 22 The, tree whereon the fine Birds eat the sweetness, where they all rest and procreate their offspring,− 23 How on the Gayatri. the Gayatri was based, how from the Tristup they fashioned the Tristup forth, 24 With Gayatri he measures out the praise−song, Sama with praise−song, triplet with the Tristup. 25 With Jagati the flood in heaven he stablished, and saw the Sun in the Rathantara Saman. 26 I invocate the milch−cow good for milking so that the milker, deft of hand, may drain her. 27 She, lady of all treasure, is come hither yearning in spirit for her calf and lowing. 28 The cow hath lowed after her blinking youngling; she licks his forehead, as she lows, to form it. 29 He also snorts, by whom encompassed round the Cow laws as she clings unto the shedder of the rain. 30 That which hath breath and speed and life and motion lies firmly stablished in the midst of houses. 31 I saw the Herdsman, him who never stumbles, approaching by his pathways and departing. 32 He who hath made him cloth not comprehend him: from him who saw him surely is he hidden. 33 Dyaus is my Father, my begetter: kinship is here. This great earth is my kin and Mother. 35 This altar is the earth's extremest limit; this sacrifice of ours is the world's centre. 36 Seven germs unripened yet are heaven's prolific, seed: their functions they maintain by Visnu's ordinan 37 What thing I truly am I know not clearly: mysterious, fettered in my mind I wander. 38 Back, forward goes he, grasped by strength inherent, the Immortal born the brother of the mortal 39 Upon what syllable of holy praise−song, as twere their highest heaven, the Gods repose them,− 40 Forunate mayst thou be with goodly pasture, and may we also be exceeding wealthy.

22 What time the loving spirit's word had formed him Chief of all food, by statute of the Highest, 23 The Sage, Celestial, liberal, raining bounties, pours as he flows the Genuine for the Truthful. 24 He who beholds mankind, made pure with filters, the King supreme of Deities and mortals, 25 Haste, like a steed, to vittory for glory, to Indra's and to Vayu's entertainment. 26 Effused by us let God−delighting Somas bring as they flow a home with noble heroes. 27 So, God, for service of the Gods flow onward, flow, drink of Gods, for ample food, O Soma. 28 Thou, yoked by strong men, neighest like a courser, swifter than thought is, like an awful lion. 29 Sprung from the Gods, a hundred streams, a thousand, have been effused: sages prepare and purge the 30 The streams of days, were poured as 'twere from heaven: the wise King doth not treat his friend unkind 31 Now are thy streams poured forth with all their sweetness, when, purified. thou goest through the filter 32 Bright, bellowing aiong the path of Order, thou shinest as the form of life eternal. 33 Pouring out streams at the Gods' feast with service, thou, Soma, lookest down, a heavenly Eagle. 34 Three are the voices that the Courser utters: he speaks the thought of prayer, the law of Order. 35 To Soma come the Cows, the Milch−kine longing, to Soma sages with their hvmns inquiring. 36 Thus, Soma, as we pour thee into vessels, while thou art purified flow for our welfare. 37 Singer of true songs, ever−watchful, Soma hath settled in the ladles when they cleanse him. 38 Cleansed near the Sun as 'twere he as Creator hath filled full heaven and earth, and hath disclosed the 39 He, being cleansed, the Strengthener and Increaser, Soma the Bounteous, helped us with his lustre, 40 In the first vault of heaven loud roared the Ocean, King of all being, generating creatures. 41 Soma the Steer, in that as Child of Waters he chose the Gods, performed that great achievement.

2 For they are dealers forth of wealth, and, not deluded, with their might 3 Shelter may they vouchsafe to us, Immortal Gods to mortal men, 4 May they mark out our paths to bliss, Indra, the Maruts, Pusan, 5 Yea, Pusan, Visnu, ye who run your course, enrich our hymns with kine; 6 The winds waft sweets, the rivers pour sweets for the man who keeps the Law 7 Sweet be the night and sweet the dawns, sweet the terrestrial atmosphere; 8 May the tall tree be full of sweets for us, and full of sweets the Sun: 9 Be Mitra gracious unto us, and Varuna and Aryaman: 2 Thou by thine insight art most wise, O Soma, strong by thine energies and all possessing, 3 Thine are King Varuna's eternal statutes, lofty and deep, O Soma, is thy glory. 4 With all thy glories on the earth, in heaven, on mountains, in the plants, and in the waters,− 5 Thou, Soma, art the Lord of heroes, King, yea, Vrtra−slayer thou: 6 And, Soma, let it be thy wish that we may 7 To him who keeps the law, both old and young, thou givest happiness, 8 Guard us, King Soma, on all sides from him who threatens us: never let 9 With those delightful aids which thou hast, Soma, for the worshipper,− 10 Accepting this our sacrifice and this our praise, O Soma, come, 11 Well−skilled in speech we magnify thee, Soma, with our sacred songs: 12 Enricher, healer of disease, wealth−finder, prospering our store, 13 Soma, be happy in our heart, as milch−kine in the grassy meads, 14 O Soma, God, the mortal man who in thy friendship hath delight, 15 Save us from slanderous reproach, keep us., O Soma, from distress: 16 Soma, wax great. From every side may vigorous powers unite in thee: 17 Wax, O most gladdening Soma, great through all thy rays of light, and be 16 In thee be juicy nutriments united, and powers and mighty foe−subduing vigour, 19 Such of thy glories as with poured oblations men honour, may they all invest our worship.

27 Grant that no mighty foes, unknown, malevolent, unhallowed, tread us to the ground. 2 With soma they brought Indra from a distance, Over Vaisanta, from the strong libation. 3 So, verily, with these he crossed the river, in company with these he slaughtered Bheda. 4 I gladly, men I with prayer prayed by our fathers have fixed your axle: ye shall not be injured: 5 Like thirsty men they looked to heaven, in battle with the Ten Kings, surrounded and imploring. 6 Like sticks and staves wherewith they drive the cattle, Stripped bare, the Bharatas were found defencele 7 Three fertilize the worlds with genial moisture: three noble Creatures cast a light before them. 8 Like the Sun's growing glory is their splendour, and like the sea's is their unflathomed greatness. 9 They with perceptions of the heart in secret resort to that which spreads a thousand branches. 10 A form of lustre springing from the lightning wast thou, when Varuna and Mitra saw thee. 11 Born of their love for Urvasi, Vasistha thou, priest, art son of Varuna and Mitra; 12 He thinker, knower both of earth and heaven, endowed with many a gift, bestowing thousands, 13 Born at the sacrifice, urged by adorations, both with a common flow bedewed the pitcher. 14 He brings the bearer of the laud and Saman: first shall he speak bringing the stone for pressing. 3 Yea, the broad waters swell their flood ior him: of him strong heroes think amid their foes. 4 Set ye for him the coursers to the pole: like Indra Thunderer is the Golden−armed. 5 Arouse you, like the days, to sacrifice speed gladly like a traveller on the way. 6 Go swift to battles, to the sacrifice: set up a flag, a hero for the folk. 7 Up from his strength hath risen as 'twere a light: it bears the load as earth bears living things. 8 Agni, no demon I invoke the Gods: by law completing it, I form a hymn. 9 Closely albout you lay your heavenly song, and send your voice to where the Gods abide.

21 I praise with song the Friend of man, whom Gods sent down to be herald and messenger, 22 Thou unto sharp−toothed Agni, Young and Radiant God, proclaimest with thy song the feast− 23 While, served with sacrificial oil, now upward and now downward Agni moves his sword, 24 The God, the Friend of man, who bears our gifts to heaven, the God with his sweet−smelling mouth, 25 Son of Strength, Agni, if thou wert the mortal, bright as Mitra, I worshipped with our gifts! 26 I would not give thee up, Vasu, to calumny, or misery, O Bounteous One. 27 Like a son cherished in his father's houi§e, let our oblation rise unto the Gods. 28 With thine immediate aid may I, excellent Agni, ever gain my wish 29 O Agni, by thy wisdom, by thy bounties, by thy leading may I gather wealth. 30 Agni, he conquers by thine aid that brings him store of noble heroes and great strength, 31 Thy spark is black and crackling, kindled in due time, O Bounteous, it is taken up. 32 We Sobharis have come to him, for succour, who is good to help with thousand powers, 33 O Agni, thou on whom all other fires depend, as branches on the parent stem, 34 The mortal whom, Adityas, ye, Guilelew, lead to the farther bank 35 Whoe'er he be, Man−ruling Kings! the Regent of the race of men− 36 A gift of fifty female slaves hath Trasadasyu given me, Purukutsa's son, 37 And Syava too for me led forth a strong steed at Suvastu's ford: 2 Maruts, Rbhuksans, Rudras come ye with your cars strong−fellied and exceeding bright. 3 For well we know the vigorous might of Rudra's Sons, the Martits, who are passing strong, 4 Islands are bursting forth and misery is stayed: the heaven and earth are joined in one. 5 Even things immovable shake and reel, the mountains and the forest trees at your approach, 6 To lend free course, O Maruts, to your furious rush, heaven high and higher still gives way, 7 After their Godlike nature they, the bull.

2 Both Gods and men obey this Ruler's order, Gods who are worshipped, men who yearn and worship. 3 May our fair praise, heart−born, most recent, reach him whose tongue, e'en at his birth, is sweet as hone 4 Good to mankind, the yearning Purifier hath among men been placed as Priest choice−worthy. 5 As such we Gotamas with hymns extol thee, O Agni, as the guardian Lord of riches, 1 EVEN to him, swift, strong and high. exalted, I bring my song of praise as dainty viands, 2 Praise, like oblation, I present, and utter aloud my song, my fair hymn to the Victor. 3 To him then with my lips mine adoration, winning heaven's light, most excellent, I offer, 4 Even for him I frame a laud, as fashions the wright a chariot for the man who needs it,− 5 So with my tongue I deck, to please that Indra, my hymn, as 'twere a horse, through love of glory, 6 Even for him hath Tvastar forged the thunder, most deftly wrought, celestial, for the battle, 7 As soon as, at libations of his mother, great Visnu had drunk up the draught, he plundered. 8 To him, to Indra, when he slew the Dragon, the Dames, too, Consorts of the Goda, wove praises. 9 Yea, of a truth, his magnitude surpasseth the magnitude of earth, mid−air, and heaven. 10 Through his own strength Indra with bolt of thunder cut piece−meal Vrtra, drier up of waters. 11 The rivers played, through his impetuous splendour, since with his bolt he compassed them on all sides 12 Vast, with thine ample power, with eager movement, against this Vrtra cast thy bolt of thunder. 13 Sing with new lauds his exploits wrought aforetime, the deeds of him, yea, him who moveth swiftly, 14 When he, yea, he, comes forth the firm. Set mountains and the whole heaven and earth, tremble for terr 15 Now unto him of these things hath been given what he who rules alone o'er much, electeth. 16 Thus to thee, Indra, yoker of Bay Coursers, the Gotamas have brought their prayers to please thee.

1 SING forth, O Kanvas, to your band of Maruts unassailable, 2 They who, self−luminous, were born together, with the spotted deer, 3 One hears, as though 'twere close at hand, the cracking of the whips they hold 4 Now sing ye forth the God−given hymn to your exultant Marut host, 5 Praise ye the Bull among the cows; for 'tis the Maruts' sportive band: 6 Who is your mightiest, Heroes, when, O shakers of the earth and heaven, 7 At your approach man holds him down before the fury of your wrath: 8 They at whose racings forth the earth, like an age−weakened lord of men, 9 Strong is their birth: vigour have they to issue from their Mother; strength, 10 And these, the Sons, the Singers, in their racings have enlarged the bounds, 11 Before them, on the ways they go, they drop this offspring of the cloud, 12 O Maruts, as your strength is great, so have ye cast men down on earth, 13 The while the Maruts pass along, they talk together on the way: 14 Come quick with swift steeds, for ye have worshippers among Kanva's sons 15 All is prepared for your delight. We are their servants evermore,

2 May the joy−giving drops, O Vayu gladden thee, effectual, well prepared, directed to the heavens, stron 3 Two red steeds Vayu yokes, Vayu two purple steeds, swift−footed, to the chariot, to the pole to draw, m 4 For thee the radiant Dawns in the fardistant sky broaden their lovely gannents forth in wondrous beams, 5 For thee the pure bright quickly−flowing Soma−drops, strong in their heightening power, hasten to 6 Thou, Vayu, who hast none before thee, first of all hast right to drink these offerings of Soma juice, hast

2 Let the Bull sing with Bulls whose toil is worship, with a loud roar like some wild beast that hungers. 3 May the Priest come circling the measured stations, and with him bring the earth's autumnal fruitage. 4 To him we offer welcomest oblations, the pious bring their strength−inspiring praises. 5 Praise thou that Indra who is truly mighty, the car−borne Warrior, Maghavan the Hero; 6 Him who surpasses heroes in his greatness: the earth and heavens suffice not for his girdles. 7 Thee, Hero, guardian of the brave in battles, who roamest in the van,−to draw thee hither, 8 Libations in the sea to thee are pleasant, when thy divine Floods come to cheer these people. 9 So may we in this One be well befriended, well aided as it were through praise of chieftains, 10 Like men in rivalry extolling princes, our Friend be Indra, wielder of the thunder. 11 For every sacrifice makes Indra stronger, yea, when he goes around angry in spirit; 12 Let us not here contend with Gods, O Indra, for here, O Mighty One, is thine own portion, 13 Addressed to thee is this our praise, O Indra: Lord of Bay Steeds, find us hereby advancement.

2 Sage, Sing, Food, Light,−they bring him from the mountain, the blessed Sovran of the earth and heaven. 3 The foolish, faithless, rudely−speaking niggards, without belief or sacrifice or worship,− 4 Him who brought eastward, manliest with his prowess, the Maids rejoicing in the western darkness, 5 Him who brake down the walls with deadly weapons, and gave the Mornings to anoble Husband, 6 In whose protection all men rest by nature, desiring to enjoy his gracious favour− 7 Vaisvanara the God, at the sun's setting, hath taken to himself deep−hidden treasures:

2 Forth have they rushed from holding hands, like chariots that are urged to speed, 3 The Somas deck themselves with milk, as Kings are graced with eulogies, 4 Pressed for the gladdening draught, the drops flow forth abundantly with song, 5 Winning Vivasvan's glory and producing Morning's light, the Suns 6 The singing−men of ancient time open the doors of sacred songs,− 7 Combined in close society sit the seven priests, the brother−hood, 8 He gives us kinship with the Gods, and with the Sun unites our eye: 9 The Sun with his dear eye beholds that quarter of the heavens which priests 2 Together with thy pleasant juice the Atharvans have commingled milk, 3 Bring, by thy flowing, weal to kine, weal to the people, weal to steeds. 4 Sing a praise−song to Soma brown of hue, of independent might. 5 Purify Soma when effused with stones which bands move rapidly, 6 With humble homage draw ye nigh; blend the libation with the curds: 7 Soma, foe−que chief o'er men, doing the will of pour forth 8 Heart−knower, Sovran of the heart, thou art effused, O Soma, that Indra may drink thee and rejoice. 9 O Soma Pavamana, give us riches and heroic strength,−

2 May this my truthful speech guard me on every side wherever heaven and earth and days are spread abr 3 No godless man from time remotest draws thee down when thou art driving forth with winged dappled 4 O Surya, with the light whereby thou scatterest gloom, and with thy ray impellest every moving thing, 5 Sent forth thou guardest well the Universe's law, and in thy wonted way arisest free from wrath. 6 This invocation, these our words may Heaven and Earth, and Indra and the Waters and the Maruts hear. 7 Cheerful in spirit, evermore, and keen of sight, with store of children, free from sickness and from sin, 8 Surya, may we live long and look upon thee still, thee, O Far−seeing One, bringing the glorious light, 9 Thou by whose lustre all the world of life comes forth, and by thy beams again returns unto its rest, 10 Bless us with shine, bless us with perfect daylight, bless us with cold, with fervent heat and lustre. 11 Gods, to our living creatures of both kinds vouchsafe protection, both to bipeds and to quadrupeds, 12 If by some grievous sin we have provoked the Gods, O Deities, with the tongue or thoughtlessness of

2 When the Five kindred Companies, active in duty, with the song 3 Then in his juice whose strength is great, have all the Gods rejoiced themselves, 4 Freeing himself he flows away, leaving his body's severed limbs, 5 He by the daughters of the priest, like a fair youth, hath been adorned, 6 O'er the fine fingers, through desire of milk, in winding course he goes, 7 The nimble fingers have approached, adorning him the Lord of Strength: 8 Comprising all the treasures that are in the heavens and on the earth,

2 The drops of Soma juice effused fall like the rain upon the earth: 3 With swelling wave the gladdening drink, the Soma, flows into.the sieve, 4 It hastens to the pitchers, poured upon the sieve it waxes strong 5 Soma, thou shinest mounting heaven as 'twere above light's triple realm, 6 To him, the head of sacnfice, singers and bards have sung their songs, 7 The men, the sages with their hymns, eager for help, deck thee strong &teed, 8 Flow onward to the stream of meath rest efficacious in thy home,

2 When thou hast made him ready, Jatavedas, then do thou give him over to the Fathers. 3 The Sun receive thine eye, tne Wind thy spirit; go, as thy merit is, to earth or heaven. 4 Thy portion is the goat: with heat consume him: let thy fierce flame, thy glowing splendour, burn him 5 Again, O Agni, to the Fathers send him who, offered in thee, goes with our oblations. 6 What wound soe'er the dark bird hath inflicted, the emmet, or the serpent, or the jackal, 7 Shield thee with flesh against the flames of Agni, encompass thee about with fat and marrow, 8 Forbear, O Agni, to upset this ladle: the Gods and they who merit Soma love it. 9 1 send afar flesh eating Agni, bearing off stains may he depart to Yama's subjects. 10 I choose as God for Father−worship Agni, flesh−eater, who hath past within your dwelling, 11 With offerings meet let Agni bring the Fathers who support the Law. 12 Right gladly would we set thee down, right gladly make thee burn and glow. 13 Cool, Agni, and again refresh the spot which thou hast scorched and burnt. 14 O full of coolness, thou cool Plant, full of fresh moisture, freshening Herb,

1 To this fair sacrifice to drink the milky draught thou art invoked: 2 No mortal man, no God exceeds thy mental power, O Mighty one − 3 All Gods devoid of guile, who know the mighty region of mid−air: 4 The terrible, who sing their song, not to be overcome by might: 5 Brilliant, and awful in their form, mighty, devourers of their foes': 6 Who sit as Deities in heaven, above the sky−vault's luminous sphere: 7 Who scatter clouds about the sky, away over the billowy sea: 8 Who with their bright beams spread them forth over the ocean in their might 9 For thee, to be thine early draught, I pour the Soma−mingled meath: 1 FOR the Celestial Race this song of praise which gives wealth lavishly 2 They who for Indra, with their mind, formed horses harnessed by a word, 3 They for the two Nasatyas wrought a light car moving every way: 4 The Rbhus with effectual prayers, honest, with constant labour, made 5 Together came your gladdening drops with Indra by the Maruts girt, 6 The sacrificial ladle, wrought newly by the God Tvastar's hand− 7 Vouchsafe us wealth, to him who pours thrice seven libations, yea, to each 8 As ministering Priests they held, by pious acts they won themselves,

2 Even here is Indra famed, and among us this day the glorious Thunderer is praised, 3 He who is Sovran Lord of great and perfect strength, exerter of heroic might, 4 Harnessing to thy car, as God, two blustering Steeds Of the Wind−God, O Thunderer, 5 Even to these dark Steeds of Wind thou of thyself hast come to ride, 6 When ye approach, men ask you, thee and Usana: Why come ye to our dwelling−place? 7 O Indra, thou shalt speak us fair: our holy prayer is offered up. 8 Around us is the Dasyu, riteless, void of sense, inhuman, keeping alien laws. 9 Hero with Heroes, thou art ours: yea, strong are they whom thou dost help. 10 Urge thou these heroes on to slay the enemy, brave Thunderer! in the fight with swords. 11 Swift come those gifts of thine whose hand is prompt to rend and burn, O Hero Thunder−armed: 12 Let not thine excellent assistance come to us, O Hero Indra, profitless. 13 May those soft impulses of thine, O Indra, be fruitful and innocent to us. 14 That Earth, through power of knowing things that may be known, handless and footless yet might thriv 15 Drink, drink the Soma, Hero Indra; be not withheld as thou art good, O Treasure−giver.