Rig Veda on Truth

2 Radiant, as high Truth, cherished, best at winning strength, Truth based upon the statute that supports th 3 This light, the best of lights, supreme, all−conquering, winner of riches, is exalted with high laud. 4 Beaming forth splendour with thy light, thou hast attained heaven's lustrous realm.

2 The truthful Deities, the Three−and−Thirty, saw you approach before the Ever−Truthful. 3 Asvins, that work of yours deserves our wonder,−the Bull of heaven and earth and air's mid region; 4 Here is your portion laid for you, ye Holy: come to these songs of ours, O ye Nasatyas.

2 Waters which come from heaven, or those that wander dug from the earth, or flowing free by nature, 3 Those amid whom goes Varuna the Sovran, he who discriminates men's truth and falsehood− 4 They from whom Varuna the King, and Soma, and all the Deities drink strength and vigour,

2 Ye as ye travel overtake the Courser who flies apart, the Friend of man, most holy. 3 Ye have deposited, matured within her, in the raw cow the first milk of the milch−cow, 4 Ye made the fierce heat to be full of sweetness for Atri at his wish, like streaming water. 5 Like Tugra's ancient son may I, ye Mighty, bring you to give your gifts with milk−oblations. 6 When, Bounteous Ones, ye drive your yoked team downward, ye send, by your own natures, 7 For verily we truthful singers praise you the niggard trafficker is here excluded. 8 You of a truth day after day, O Asvins, that he might win the very plenteous torrent, 9 When with the glory of your car ye travel, when we go speeding like the priest of mortals, 10 With songs of praise we call to−day, O Asvins, that your new chariot, for our own well−being,

3 That which destroys the sinking germ, the settled, moving embryo, 4 That which divides thy legs that it may lie between the married pair, 5 What rests by thee in borrowed form of brother, lover, or of lord, 6 That which through sleep or darkness hath deceived thee and lies down by thee, 2 From the neck−tendons and the neck, from the breast−bones and from the spine, 3 From viscera and all within, forth from the rectum, from the heart, 4 From thighs, from knee−caps, and from heels, and from the forepart of the feet, 5 From what is voided from within, and from thy hair, and from they nails, 6 From every member, every hair, disease that comes in every joint,

2 Lord of Bay Steeds, fair−helmed, rejoice thee: this we crave. Here the disposers wait on thee. 3 Turning, as 'twere, to meet the Sun, enjoy from Indra all good things. 4 Praise him who sends us wealth, whose bounties injure none: good are the gifts which Indra. grants. 5 Thou in thy battles, Indra, art subduer of all hostile bands. 6 The Earth and Heaven clung close to thy victorious might as to their calf two mother−cows. 7 Bring to your aid the Eternal One, who shoots and none may shoot at him, 8 Arranger of things unarranged, e'en Satakratu, source of might, 2 The food of meath in foremost place I give thee, thy Soma shall be pressed, thy share appointed. 3 Striving for strength bring forth a laud to Indra, a truthful hymn if he in truth existeth. 4 Here am I, look upon me here, O singer. All that existeth 1 surpass in greatness. 5 When the Law's lovers mounted and ap. proached me as 1 sate lone upon the dear sky's summit. 6 All these thy deeds must be declared at Soma−feasts, wrought, Indra, Bounteous Lord, for him who she 7 Now run ye forth your several ways: he is not here who kept you back. 8 On−rushing with the speed of thought within the iron fort he pressed: 9 Deep in the ocean lies the bolt with waters compassed round about, 10 When, uttering words which no one comprehended, Vak, Queen of Gods, the Gladdener, was seated, 11 The Deities generated Vak the Goddess, and animals of every figure speak her. 12 Step forth with wider stride, my comrade Visnu; make room, Dyaus, for the leaping of the lightning.

2 Thou, verily, Indra, gavest help to Kutsa, willingly giving car to him in battle, 3 O Bold One, thou with all thine aids hast boldly holpen Sudas whose offerings were accepted, 4 At the Gods' banquet, hero−souled! with Heroes, Lord of Bay Steeds, thou slewest many foemen. 5 These were thy mighty powers that, Thunder−wielder, thou swiftly crushedst nine−and−ninety castles: 6 Old are the blessings, Indra, which thou gavest Sudas the worshipper who brought oblations. 7 Give us not up, Lord of Bay Horses, Victor, in this thine own assembly, to the wicked. 8 May we men, Maghavan, the friends thou lovest, near thee be joyful under thy protection. 9 Swiftly, in truth, O Maghavan, about thee men skilled in hymning sing their songs and praises. ' 10 Thine are these lauds, O manliest of heroes, lauds which revert to us and give us riches. 11 Now, lauded for thine aid, Heroic Indra, sped by our prayer, wax mighty in thy body.

2 The Gods, as worn witheld, relaxed their efforts: thou, Indra, born of truth, wast Sovran Ruler. 3 The insatiate one, extended, hard to waken, who slumbered in perpetual sleep, O Indra,− 4 Indra with might shook earth and her foundation as the wind stirs the water with its fury. 5 They ran to thee as mothers to their offspring: the clouds, like chariots, hastened forth together. 6 Thou for the sake of Vayya and Turviti didst stay the great stream, flowing, allsustaining: 7 He let the young Maids skilled in Law, unwedded, like fountains, bubbling, flow forth streaming onwar 8 Through many a morn and many a lovely autumn, having slain Vrtra, lie set free the rivers. 9 Lord of Bay Steeds, thou broughtest from the ant−hill the unwedded damsel's son whom ants were eatin 10 To the wise man, O Sage and Sovran Ruler, the man who knoweth all thine ancient exploits. 11 Now, Indra! lauded, glorified with praises, let powers swell high, like rivers, for the singer.

3 Sakra, who like a curry−comb for horses or a golden goad, 4 Who for the worshipper scatters forth ample wealth, even though buried, piled in heaps: 5 Hero whom many praise, what thou hast longed for, oven of old, from men. 6 To Soma, Much−invoked, Bolt−armed! for thy carouse, Celestial, Soma−drinker come. 7 Here, verily, yesterday we let the Thunder−wielder drink his fill. 8 Even the wolf, the savage beast that rends the sheep, follows the path of his decrees. 9 What manly deed of vigour now remains that Indra hath not done? 10 'How great his power resistless! how invincible the Vrtra−slayer's matchless might! 11 O Indra, Vrtra−slayer, we, thy very constant worshippers, 12 O thou of mighty acts, the aids that are in thee call forward many an eager hope. 13 Verily, Indra, we are thine, we worshippers depend on thee. 14 From this our misery and famine set us free, from this dire curse deliver us. 15 Now let your Soma juice be poured; be not afraid, O Kali's sons.

Quasi dex 9 'The fire, burning the people, does not approach quickly (by day): the naked (Rakasas approach) not A 2 Agni, concurring in the prayer, drive off the eater of the flesh, 3 That which destroys the sinking germ, the settled, moving embryo, 4 That which divides thy legs that it may lie between the married pair, 5 What rests by thee in borrowed form of brother, lover, or of lord, 6 That which through sleep or darkness hath deceived thee and lies down by thee, 2 From the neck−tendons and the neck, from the breast−bones and from the spine, 3 From viscera and all within, forth from the rectum, from the heart, 4 From thighs, from knee−caps, and from heels, and from the forepart of the feet, 5 From what is voided from within, and from thy hair, and from they nails, 6 From every member, every hair, disease that comes in every joint, 2 O Sinivali, set the germ, set thou the germ, Sarasvati: 3 That which the Asvins Twain rub forth with the attrition−sticks of g

2 Varuna, Mitra, Aryaman, Agnis, with Consorts, sending boons, 3 These are our guardians in the west, and northward here, and in the south, 4 Even as the Gods desire so verily shall it be. None minisheth this power of theirs, 5 The Seven carry seven spears; seven are the splendours they possess, 2 Another, luminous, occupies the place of sacritice, Sage, among the Gods. 3 One brandishes in his hand an iron knife, firm, in his seat amid the Deities. 4 Another holds the thunderbolt, wherewith he slays the Vrtras, resting in his hand. 5 Another bears a pointed weapon: bright is he, and strong, with healing medicines. 6 Another, thief−like, watches well the ways, and knows the places where the treasures lie. 7 Another with his mighty stride hath made his three steps thither where the Gods rejoice. 8 Two with one Dame ride on with winged steeds, and journey forth like travellers on their way. 9 Two, highest, in the heavens have set their seat, worshipped with holy oil, imperial Kings. 10 Some, singing lauds, conceived the Sama−hymn, great hymn whereby they caused the Sun to shine.

2 I am my rivals' slayer, like Indra unwounded and unhurt, 3 Here, verily, I bind you fast, as the two bow−ends with the string. 4 Hither I came as conqueror with mighty all−effecting power, 5 May I be highest, having gained your strength in war, your skill in peace

2 He who fixed fast and firm the earth that staggered, and set at rest the agitated mountains, 3 Who slew the Dragon, freed the Seven Rivers, and drove the kine forth from the cave of Vala, 4 By whom this universe was made to tremble, who chased away the humbled brood of demons, 5 Of whom, the Terrible, they ask, Where is He? or verily they say of him, He is not. 6 Stirrer to action of the poor and lowly, of priest, of suppliant who sings his praises; 7 He under whose supreme control are horses, all chariots, and the villages, and cattle; 8 To whom two armies cry in close encounter, both enemies, the stronger and the weaker; 9 Without whose help our people never conquer; whom, battling, they invoke to give them succour; 10 He who hath smitten, ere they knew their danger, with his hurled weapon many grievous sinners; 11 He who discovered in the fortieth autumn Sambara as he dwelt among the mountains; 12 Who with seven guiding reins, the Bull, the Mighty, set free the Seven great Floods to flow at pleasure 13 Even the Heaven and Earth bow down before him, before his very breath the mountains tremble. 14 Who aids with favour him who pours the Soma and him who brews it, sacrificer, singer. 15 Thou verily art fierce and true who sendest strength to the man who brews and pours libation.

2 His pair of Tawny Coursers bring Indra of unresisted might 3 Slayer of Vrtra, mount thy car; thy Bay Steeds have been yoked by prayer. 4 This poured libation, Indra, drink, immortal, gladdening, excellent. 5 Sing glory now to Indra, say to him your solemn eulogies. 6 When, Indra, thou dost yoke thy Steeds, there is no better charioteer: 7 He who alone bestoweth on mortal man who offereth gifts, 8 When will he trample, like a weed, the man who hath no gift for him? 9 He who with Soma juice prepared amid the many honours thee,− 10 The juice of Soma thus diffused, sweet to the taste, the bright cows drink, 11 Craving his touch the dappled kine mingle the Soma with their milk. 12 With veneration, passing wise, honouring his victorious might, 13 With bones of Dadhyac for his arms, Indra, resistless in attack, 14 He, searching for the horse's head, removed among the mountains, found 15 Then verily they recognized the essential form of Tvastar's Bull, 16 Who yokes to−day unto the pole of Order the strong and passionate steers of checkless spirit, 17 Who fleeth forth? who suffereth? who feareth? Who knoweth Indra present, Indra near us? 18 Who with poured oil and offering honours Agni, with ladle worships at appointed seasons? 19 Thou as a God, O Mightiest, verily blessest mortal man. 20 Let not thy bounteous gifts, let not thy saving help fail us, good Lord, at any time;

2 Whom, most heroic, borne by Tawny Coursers, verily none subdueth in the battle; 3 Victor in fight, swift mover like a warhorse, pervading both worlds, rainer down of blessings, 4 Supporting heaven, the high back of the region, his car is Vayu with his team of Vasus. 5 Call we on Maghavan, auspicious Indra, best Hero in the fight where spoil is gathered;

2 Ye, Indra−Soma, gave her light to Morning, and led the Sun on high with all his splendour. 3 Ye slew the flood −obstructing serpent Vrtra, Indra and Soma: Heaven approved your exploit. 4 Ye in the unripe udders of the milch−kine have set the ripe milk, Indra, thou, and Soma. 5 Verily ye bestow, Indra and Soma, wealth, famed, victorious, passing to our children.

2 High in the seat of heaven is spread the Scorcher's sieve: its threads are standing separate, glittering wit 3 The foremost spotted Steer hath made the Mornings shine, and yearning after strength sustains all things 4 Gandharva verily protects his dwellingplace; Wondrous, he guards the generations of the Gods. 5 Rich in oblations! robed in cloud, thou corapassest oblation, sacrifice, the mighty seat of Gods.

3 Shared by all Gods, mobt wise, propitious, Soma goes, while they cleanse him, to his constant station. 4 In thy mysterious place, O Pavamana Soma, are all the Gods, the Thrice−Eleven. 5 Now let this be the truth of Pavamana, there where all singers gather them together, 6 As the priest seeks the station rich in cattle, like a true King who goes to great assemblies,

2 Indu, with thee for his confederate, Indra swiftly with might pressed down the wheel of Surya. 3 Indra smote down, Agni consumed, O Indu, the Dasyus ere the noontide in the conflict. 4 Lower than all besides hast thou, O Indra, cast down the Dasyus, abject tribes of Dasas. 5 So, of a truth, Indra and Soma, Heroes, ye burst the stable of the kine and horses,

2 Agni, in truth, is passing wise, most skilled in ordering, a Seer. 3 The foeman's wealth in many a place, Agni, is emulous to help. 4 Agni bestows the hero chief, winner of waters, firm in fray. 5 For with his wisdom Agni, God, protects the mortal from reproach, 6 O Agni, God with Mitra's might call hither the favour of the Gods from earth and heaven.

2 As a great Steer he grew to these his Parents; sublime lie stands, untouched by eld, far−reaching. 3 Coming together to their common youngling both Cows, fairshaped, spread forth in all directions, 4 The prudent sages lead him to his dwelling, guarding with varied skill the Ever−Youthful. 5 Born noble in the regions, aim of all mens' eyes to be implored for life by great and small alike,

2 Drawn by thy team, O Vayu, come; to thee is offered this, the pure. 3 Indra and Vayu, drawn by teams, ye Heroes, come today and drink. 4 This Soma hath been shed for you, Lawstrengtheners, Mitra−Varuna! 5 Both Kings who never injure aught seat them in their supremest home, 6 Fed with oblation, Sovran Kings, Adityas, Lords of liberal gifts. 7 With kine, Nasatyas, and with steeds, come, Asvins, Rudras, to the house 8 Such, wealthy Gods! as none afar nor standing nigh to us may harm, 9 As such, O longed−far Asvins, lead us on to wealth of varied sort, 10 Verily Indra, conquering all, driveth e'en mighty fear away, 11 Indra be gracious unto us: sin shall not reach us afterward, 12 From all the regions of the world let Indra send security, 13 O all ye Gods, come hitherward: hear this mine invocation, seat 14 Among ihe gunahotras strong for you is this sweet gladdening draught. 15 Ye Martus led by Indra, Gods with Pri§an for your bounteousest, 16 Best Mother, best of Rivers, best of Goddesses, Sarasvati, We are, as 'twere, of no repute and dear Mot 17 In thee, Sarasvati, divine, all generations have their stay. 18 Enriched with sacrifice, accept Sarasvati, these prayers of ours, 19 Ye who bless sacrifice, go forth, for verily we choose you both, 20 This our.effectual sacrifice, reaching the sky, shall Heaven and Earth 21 In both your laps, ye guileless Ones, the Holy Gods shall sit them down 2 Let not the falcon kill thee, nor the eagle let not the arrow−bearing archer reach thee. 3 Bringing good tidings, Bird of happy omen, call thou out loudly southward of our dwellings,

2 Well have they eaten and rejoiced; the friends have risen and passed away. 3 Maghavan, we will reverence thee who art so fair to look upon. 4 He will in very truth ascend the powerful car that finds the kine, 5 Let, Lord of Hundred Powers, thy Steeds be harnessed on the right and left. 6 With holy prayer I yoke thy long−maned pair of Bays: come hitherward; thou holdest them in both thy

2 Thou art the best of all in sending bounteous gifts, true art thou, lordly in thine act. 3 Prayers unsurpassed are offered up to thee the Lover of the Song. 4 For thou, O Maghavan, art truthful, ne'er subdued and bringest many a Vrtra low. 5 O Indra, thou art far−renowned, impetuous, O Lord of Strength. 6 As such we seek thee now, O Asura, thee most wise, craving thy bounty as our share.

2 Indra and Soma, let sin round the wicked boil like as a caldron set amid the flames of fire. 3 Indra and Soma, plunge the wicked in the depth, yea, cast them into darkness that hath no support, 4 Indra and Soma, hurl your deadly crushing bolt down on the wicked fiend from heaven and from the ear 5 Indra and Soma, cast ye downward out of heaven your deadly darts of stone burning with fiery flame, 6 Indra and Soma, let this hymn control you both, even as the girth encompasses two vigorous steeds− 7 In your impetuous manner think ye both thereon: destroy these evil beings, slay the treacherous fiends. 8 Whoso accuses me with words of falsehood when I pursue my way with guileless spirit, 9 Those who destroy, as is their wont, the simple, and with their evil natures barm the righteous, 10 The fiend, O Agni, who designs to injure the essence of our food, kine, steeds, or bodies, 11 May he be swept away, himself and children: may all the three earths press him down beneath them. 12 The prudent finds it easy to distinguish the true and false: their words oppose each other. 13 Never doth Soma aid and guide the wicked or him who falsely claims the Warrior's title. 14 As if I worshipped deities of falsehood, or thought vain thoughts about the Gods, O Agni. 15 So may I die this day if I have harassed any man's life or if I be a demon. 16 May Indra slay him with a mi weapon, and let the vilest ofghty 17 She too who wanders like an owl at night−time, hiding her body in her guile and malice, 18 Spread out, ye Maruts, search among the people: seize ye and grind the Raksasas to pieces, 19 Hurl down from heaven thy bolt of stone, O Indra: sharpen it, Maghavan, made keen by Soma. 20 They fly, the demon dogs, and, bent on mischief, fain would they harm indomitable Indra. 21 Indra hath ever been the fiends' destroyer who spoil oblations of the Gods' invokers: 22 Destroy the fiend shaped like an owl or owlet, destroy him in the form of dog or cuckoo.

2 Whoso to thee, the Mighty, brings oblation, pure Soma unto thee, pure−drinking Vayu, 3 The God whom both these worlds brought forth for riches, whom heavenly Dhisana for our wealth 4 The spotless Dawns with fair bright days have broken; they found the spacious light when they were 5 These with their truthful spirit, shining brightly, move on provided with their natural insight. 6 May these who give us heavenly light, these rulers, with gifts of kine and horses, gold and treasures. 7 Like coursers seeking fame will we Vasisthas, O Indra−Vayu, with our fair laudations.

2 Death was not then, nor was there aught immortal: no sign was there, the day's and night's divider. 3 Darkness there was: at first concealed in darknew this All was indiscriminated chaos. 4 Thereafter rose Desire in the beginning, Desire, the primal seed and germ of Spirit. 5 Transversely was their severing line extended: what was above it then, and what below it? 6 Who verily knows and who can here declare it, whence it was born and whence comes this creation? 7 He, the first origin of this creation, whether he formed it all or did not form it,

1 I Laud Agni, the chosen Priest, God, minister of sacrifice, 2 Worthy is Agni to be praised by living as by ancient seers. 3 Through Agni man obtaineth wealth, yea, plenty waxing day by day, 4 Agni, the perfect sacrifice which thou encompassest about 5 May Agni, sapient−minded Priest, truthful, most gloriously great, 6 Whatever blessing, Agni, thou wilt grant unto thy worshipper, 7 To thee, dispeller of the night, O Agni, day by day with prayer 8 Ruler of sacrifices, guard of Law eternal, radiant One, 9 Be to us easy of approach, even as a father to his son:

2 The waters and the plants, O Indra−Varuna, had efficacious vigour, and attained to might: 3 True is your Krsa's word, Indra and Varuna: The seven holy voices pour a wave of meath. 4 Dropping oil, sweet with Soma, pouring forth their stream, are the Seven Sisters in the seat of sacrifice. 5 To our great happiness have we ascribed to these Two Bright Ones truthfulness, great strength, and 6 What ye in time of old Indra and Varuna, gave Rsis revelation, thought, and power of song, 7 O Indra−Varuna, grant to the worshippers cheerfulness void of pride, and wealth to nourish them.

2 Thou unto whom resort the gathered people, as the kine seek the warm stall, O Most Youthful. 3 Making thee grow as 'twere some noble infant, thy Mother nurtures thee with sweet affection. 4 Foolish are we, O Wise and free from error: verily, Agni, thou dost know thy grandeur. 5 He rises ever fresh in ancient fuel: smoke−bannered, gray, he makes the wood his dwelling. 6 Like thieves who risk their lives and haunt the forest, the twain with their ten girdles have secured him. 7 Homage and prayer are thine, O Jatavedas, and this my song shall evermore exalt thee.

2 Ye, Gods, are providence and ye are power: remove ye utterly all those who hate us. 3 What service may we do you with our future, what service, Vasus, with our ancient friendship? 4 Ye, O ye Gods, are verily our kinsmen as such be kind to me who now implore you. 5 I singly have sinned many a sin against you, and ye chastised me as a sire the gambler. 6 Turn yourselves hitherward this day, ye Holy, that fearing in my heart I may approach you. 7 May I not live, O Varuna, to witness my wealthy, liberal, dear friend's destitution.

1 THE other fires are, verily, thy branches; the Immortals all rejoice in thee, O Agni. 2 The forehead of the sky, earth's centre, Agni became the messenger of earth and heaven. 3 As in the Sun firm rays are set for ever, treasures are in Vaisvanara, in Agni. 4 As the great World−halves, so are their Son's praises; skilled, as a man, to act, is he the Herald. 5 Even the lofty heaven, O Jatavedas Vaisvanara, hath not attained thy greatness. 6 Now will I tell the greatness of the Hero whom Prarti's sons follow as Vrtra's slayer: 7 Vaisvanara, dwelling by his might with all men, far−shining, holy mid the Bharadvajas,

2 Thus, Indra−Agnip verily your greatness merits loftiest praise, 3 These who delight in flowing juice, like fellow horses at their food, 4 Indra and Agni, Friends of Law, served with rich gifts, your speech is kind 5 What mortal understands, O Gods, Indra and Agni, this your way? 6 First, Indra−Agni, hath this Maid come footless unto those with feet. 7 E'en now, O Indra−Agni, men hold in their arms and stretch their bows. 8 The foeman's sinful enmities, Indra and Agni, vex me sore. 9 Indra and Agni, yours are all the treasures of the heavens and earth. 10 O Indra−Agni, who accept the laud, and hear us for our praise,

2 These here, who show o'er widest space, bringing full many a wondrous act, 3 Another beauteous wheel have ye fixed there to decorate your car. 4 That deed of yours that is extolled, Visvas! hath all been done with this. 5 When Surya mounted on your car that rolls for ever rapidly, 6 Atri bethinks himself of you, O Heroes, with a friendly mind, 7 Strong is your swiftly moving steed, famed his exertion in the course 8 Lovers of sweetness, Rudras, she who streams with sweetness waits on you. 9 Asvins, with truth they call you Twain bestowers of felicity; 10 Most pleasing to the Asvins be these prayers which magnify their might,

2 'Tis Agni whom we laud as good, to whom the milch−kine come in herds, 3 Agni the God of all mankind, gives, verily, a steed to man. 4 God, Agni, we will kindle thee, rich in thy splendour, fading not, 5 To thee the splendid, Lord of flame, bright, wondrous, Prince of men, is brought. 6 These Agnis in the seats of the fire nourish each thing most excellent. 7 Agni, these brilliant flames of thine wax like strong chargers mightily, 8 To us who laud thee, Agni, bring fresh food and safe and happy homes. 9 Thou, brilliant God, within thy mouth warmest both ladies of the oil. 10 Thus Agni have we duly served with sacrifices and with hymns.

2 In the tree−tops the air he hath extended, put milk in kine and vigorous speed in horses, 3 Varuna lets the big cask, opening downward, flow through the heaven and earth and air's mid−region. 4 When Varuna is fain for milk he moistens the sky, the land, and earth to her foundation. 5 I will declare this mighty deed of magic, of glorious Varuna the Lord Immortal, 6 None, verily, hath ever let or hindered this the most wise God's mighty deed of magic, 7 If we have sinned against the man who loves us, have ever wronged a brother, friend, or comrade, 8 If we, as gamesters cheat at play, have cheated, done wrong unwittingly or sinned of purpose,

2 With mine own heart I commune on the question how Varuna and I may be united. 3 Fain to know this in in I question others: I seek the wise, O Varuna, and ask them. 4 What, Varuna, hath been my chief transgression, ihat thou wouldst slay the friend who sings thy praises 5 Free us from sins committed by our fathers, from those wherein we have ourselves offended. 6 Not our own will betrayed us, but seduction, thoughtlessness, Varuna wine, dice, or anger. 7 Slavelike may I do service to the Bounteous, serve, free from sin, the God inclined to anger. 8 O Lord, O Varuna, may this laudation come close to thed and lie within thy spirit.

2 I cherish and sustain high−swelling Soma, and Tvastar I support, Pusan, and Bhaga. 3 I am the Queen, the gatherer−up of treasures, most thoughtful, first of those who merit worship. 4 Through me alone all eat the food that feeds them,−each man who sees, brewhes, hears the word outspo 5 1, verily, myself announce and utter the word that Gods and men alike shall welcome. 6 I bend the bow for Rudra that his arrow may strike and slay the hater of devotion. 7 On the world's summit I bring forth the Father: my home is in the waters, in the ocean. 8 I breathe a strong breath like the wind and tempest, the while I hold together all existence.

2 Lord of the Quarters, flow thou on, boon Soma, from Arjika land, 3 Hither hath Surya's Daughter brought the wild Steer whom Parjanya nursed. 4 Splendid by Law! declaring Law, truthspeaking, truthful in thy works, 5 Together flow the meeting streams of him the Great and truly Strong. 6 O Pavamana, where the priest, as he recites the rhythmic prayer, 7 O Pavarnana, place me in that deathless, undecaying world 8 Make me immortal in that realm where dwells the King, Vivasvan's Son, 9 Make me immortal in that realm where they move even as they list, 10 Make me immortal in that realm of eager wish and strong desire, 11 Make me immortal in that realm where happiness and transports, where

2 For goodly fields, for pleasant homes, for wealth we sacrifice to thee. 3 Best praiser of all these be he; foremost, our chiefs who sacrifice. 4 So that thy worshippers and we, thine, Agni, in our sons may live. 5 As ever− conquering Agni's beams of splendour go to every side, 6 To every side thy face is turned, thou art triumphant everywhere. 7 O thou whose face looks every way, bear us past foes as in a ship. 8 As in a ship, convey thou us for our advantage o'er the flood. 2 Present in heaven, in earth, all−present Agni,−all plants that grow on ground hath he pervaded. 3 Be this thy truth, Vaisvanara, to us−ward: let wealth in rich abundance gather round us.

1 INDRA, bring wealth that gives delight, the victor's ever−conquering wealth, Most excellent, to be ou 2 By means of which we may repel our foes in battle hand to hand, 3 Aided by thee, the thunder−armed, Indra, may we lift up the bolt, 4 With thee, O India, for ally with missile−darting heroes, may 5 Mighty is Indra, yea supreme; greatness be his, the Thunderer: 6 Which aideth those to win them sons, who come as heroes to the fight, 7 His belly, drinking deepest draughts of Soma, like an ocean swells, 8 So also is his excellence, great, vigorous, rich in cattle, like 9 For verily thy mighty powers, Indra, are saving helps at once 10 So are his lovely gifts; let lauds and praises be to Indra sung,

2 For, verily, men pray to thee with sacrifices and with songs. 3 Of one accord men kindle thee Heaven's signal of the sacrifice, 4 Let the man thrive who travails sore, in prayer, far thee the Bountiful. 5 The mortal who with fuel lights thy flame and offers unto thee, 6 Thy bright smoke lifts itself aloft, and far−extended shines in heaven. 7 For in men's houses thou must be glorified as a well−loved guest, 8 Thou, Agni, like an able steed, art urged by wisdom in the wood. 9 E'en things imperishable, thou, O Agni, like a gazing ox, 10 Agni, thou enterest as Priest the home of men who sacrifice. 11 O Agni, God with Mitra's might, call hither the favour of the Gods from earth and heaven.

2 Thy greatness reacheth to our invocation, the sages' prayer which, Potent God, thou guardest. 3 What time thou drewest both world−halves together, like heroes led by thee who call each other− 4 Honour us in these present days, O Indra, for hostile men are making expiation. 5 We will address this liberal Lord, this Indra, that he may grant us gifts of ample riches, 2 Come to us quickly with thy Bay Steeds, Hero, come to our prayer, accepting our devotion. 3 What satisfaction do our hymns afford thee? When, Maghavan? Now let us do thee service. 4 They, verily, were also human beings whom thou wast wont to hear, those earlier sages. 5 We will address this liberal Lord, this Indra, that he may grant us gifts of ample riches,

2 When shall thy glory as a God, Agni, be suddenly shown forth. 3 Seeing thee faithful to the Law, most sapient, like the starry heaven, 4 Vivasvan's envoy living men have taken as their ensign, swift, 5 Him the intelligent have they placed duly as Invoking Priest, 6 In his Eternal Mothers, in the wood, concealed and unapproached, 7 That as food spreads forth in this earthly udder, Gods may rejoice them in the home of Order, 8 Bird of each rite, skilled in an envoy's duties, knowing both worlds and that which lies between them, 9 Bright God, thy path is black: light is before thee: thy moving splendour is the chief of wonders. 10 Yet newly born, his vigour is apparent when the wind blows upon his fiery splendour, His sharpened t

1 They who stand round him as he moves harness the bright, the ruddy Steed 2 On both sides to the car they yoke the two bay coursers dear to him, 3 Thou, making light where no light was, and form, O men: where form was not, 4 Thereafter they, as is their wont, threw off the state of' babes unborn, 5 Thou, Indra, with the Tempest−Gods, the breakers down of what is firm ' 6 Worshipping even as they list, singers laud him who findeth wealth, 7 Mayest thou verily be seen coming by fearless Indra's side: 8 With Indra's well beloved hosts, the blameless, hastening to heaven, 9 Come from this place, O Wanderer, or downward from the light of heaven: 10 Indra we seek to give us help, from here, from heaven above the earth,

2 And, O Nasatyas, man's dear Priest is seated, who brings to sacrifice and offers worship, 3 We choosing you, have let our worship follow its course: ye Steers, accept this hymn with favour. 4 And these Two Priests come nigh unto our people, united, demon−slayers, mighty−handed. 5 Come from the west, come from the cast, Nasatyas, come, Asvins, from below and from above us. 2 O Heroes, ye bestow wonderful nourishment. send it to him whose songs are sweet 3 Approach ye and be near to us. drink, O ye Asvins, of the meath. 4 The horses that convey you in their rapid flight down to the worshipper's abode, 5 Yea, verily, our princes seek the Asvins in pursuit of food. 6 Those who have led the way, like cars, offending none, those who are guardians of the men−

2 Sole among chiefs, companionless, impetuous, and peerless, he 3 Lord of swift bounty, he will win e'en with a steed of worthless sort. 4 Come to us.hither: let us pay devotions that enhance thy might, 5 For thou, O Indra, makest yet more bold the spirit of the bold 6 Worthy of song, he looketh down as a man looketh into wells. 7 In strength and wisdom all the Gods, Indra, have yielded unto thee. 8 Praised, Indra, is this might of thine, best for the service of the Gods, 9 He makes the races of mankind like synods of the Beauteous One. 10 Thy might, O Indra, at its birth, thee also, and thy mental power, 11 O Vrtra−slayer, thou and I will both combine for winning spoil. 12 Let us extol this Indra as truthful and never as untrue.

2 The man with food in store who, when the needy comes in miserable case begging for bread to eat, 3 Bounteous is he who gives unto the beggar who comes to him in want of food and feeble. 4 No friend is he who to his friend and comrade who comes imploring food, will offer nothing. 5 Let the rich satisfy the poor implorer, and bend his eye upon a longer pathway. 6 The foolish man wins food with fruitless labour: that food −I speak the truth− shall be his ruin. 7 The ploughshare ploughing makes the food that feeds us, and with its feet cuts through the path it follo 8 He with one foot hath far outrun the biped, and the two−footed catches the three−footed. 9 The hands are both alike: their labour differs. The yield of sister milch−kine is unequal.

2 Him, Maker of the sky, let stones wet with the Soma ne'er forsake, 3 Indra who knew full well disclosed the kine to the Angirases. 4 Indra, promoter of the song, the sage's Strengthener as of old, 5 Now after their desire's intent the pious singers with the cry 6 With Indra rest all deeds of might, deeds done and yet to be performed, 7 When the Five Tribes with all their men to Indra have sent out their voice, 8 This praise is verily thine own: thou hast performed these manly deeds, 9 At the o'erflowing of this Steer, boldly he strode for life, and took 10 Receiving this and craving help, we, who with you are Daksa's sons, 11 Yea, Hero, with the singers we sing.to the duly−coming Band. 12 With us are raining Rudras, clouds accordant in call to battle, at the death of Vrtra,

2 The hymn shone brightly from the seat of worship: to the kine came the Bull, the Heifer's Offipring 3 Indra knows, verily, how to hear our singing, for he, victorious, made a path for Surya. 4 Praised by Angirases, Indra demolished with might the works of the great watery monster 5 The counterpart of heaven and earth is Indra: he knoweth all libations, slayeth Susna. 6 The Vrtra−slaver with his bolt felled Vrtra: the magic of the godless, waxen mighty, 7 When the Dawns come attendant upon Surya their rays discover wealth of divers colours. 8 Far have they gone, the first of all these waters, the waters that flowed forth when Indra sent them. 9 Thou didst free rivers swallowed by the Dragon; and rapidly they set themselves in motion, 10 Yearning together they have sped to Sindhu: the Fort−destroyer, praised, of old, hath loved them.

1 THOUGH e'en this heaven's wide space and earth have spread them out, nor heaven nor earth may be in 2 Like as the watery ocean, so doth he receive the rivers spread on all sides in their ample width. 3 Thou swayest, Indra, all kinds of great manly power, so as to bend, as't were, even that famed mountain 4 He only in the wood is praised by worshippers, when he shows forth to men his own fair Indra−power. 5 Yet verily the Warrior in his vigorous strength stirreth up with his might great battles for mankind; 6 Though, fain for glory, and with strength increased on earth, he with great might destroys the dwellings 7 Drinker of Soma, let thy heart incline to give; bring thy Bays hitherward, O thou who hearest praise. 8 Thou bearest in both hands treasure that never fails; the famed One in his body holds unvanquished mig

2 Here magnify his great heroic exploits, most glorious One, enriching men with bounties, 3 Hither let Indra come from earth or heaven, hither with speech from firmament or ocean; 4 That Indra will we laud in our assemblies, him who is Lord of great and lasting riches, 5 May the Priest, Lord of many blessings, striving,−who fixing reverence on reverence, giving 6 When sitting pondering in deep devotion in Ausija's abode they ply the press−stone, 7 Surely the power of Bharvara the mighty for ever helpeth to support the singer; 8 When he unbars the spaces of the mountains, and quickens with his floods the water−torrents, 9 Auspicious are thy hands, thine arms wellfashioned which proffer bounty, Indra, to thy praiser. 10 So Indra is the truthful Lord of treasure. Freedom he gave to man by slaying Vrtra. 11 Now, Indra! lauded, glorified with praises, let power swell high, like rivers, for,the singer.

2 Thou, Indra, art the Conqueror: thou gavest splendour to the Sun. 3 Radiant with light thou wentest to the sky, the luminous realm of heaven. 4 Come unto us, O Indra, dear, still conquering, unconcealable, 5 O truthful Soma−drinker, thou art mightier than both the worlds. 6 For thou art he, O Indra, wiio stormeth all castles of the foe, 7 Now have we, Indra, Friend of Song, sent our great wishes forth to thee, 8 As rivers swell the ocean, so, Hero, our prayers increase thy might, 9 With holy song mey bind to the broad wide−yoked car the Bay Steeds of the rapid God, 10 O Indra, bring great strength to us, bring valour, Satakratu, thou most active, bring 11 For, gracious Satakratu, thou hast ever been a Mother and a Sire to us, 12 To thee, Strong, Much−invoked, who showest forth thy strength, O Satakratu, do I speak:

2 The Twain uphold, though motionless and footless, a widespread offspring having feet and moving. 3 I call for Aditi's unrivalled bounty, perfect, celestial, deathless, meet for worship. 4 May we be close to both the Worlds who suffer no pain, Parents of Gods, who aid with favour, 5 Faring together, young, with meeting limits, Twin Sisters lying in their Parents' bosom, 6 Duly I call the two wide seats, the mighty, the general Parents, with the God's protection. 7 Wide, vast, and manifold, whose bounds are distant,−these, reverent, I address at this our worship, 8 What sin we have at any time committed against the Gods, our friend, our house's chieftain, 9 May both these Friends of man, who bless, preserve me, may they attend me with their help and favour. 10 Endowed with understanding, I have uttered this truth, for all to hear, to Earth and Heaven. 11 Be this my prayer fulfilled, O Earth and Heaven, wherewith, Father and Mother, I address you.

2 To be invoked and hymned in fight with Vrtra, that well−praised Indra gives us real bounties. 3 Him, verily, the men invoke in combat; risking their lives they make him their protector, 4 Strong God! the folk at need put forth their vigour, striving together in the whirl of battle. 5 Hence many a one worships the might of Indra: hence let the brew succeed the meal−oblation. 6 Indra gives comfort to the man who truly presses, for him who longs fot it, the Soma, 7 He who this day for Indra presses Soma, prepares the brew and fries the grains of barley− 8 When the impetuous chief hath sought the confliet, and the lord looked upon the long−drawn battle, 9 He bid a small price for a thing of value: I was content, returning, still unpurchased. 10 Who for ten milch−kine purchaseth from rne this Indra who is mine? 11 Now, Indra! lauded, glorified with praises, let wealth swell high like rivers for the singer.

2 Where, like men cleansing corn−flour in a cribble, the wise in spirit have created language, 3 With sacrifice the trace of Vak they foIlowed, and found her harbouring within the Rsis. 4 One man hath ne'er seen Vak, and yet he seeth: one man hath hearing but hath never heard her. 5 One man they call a laggard, dull in friendship: they never urge him on to deeds of valour. 6 No part in Vak hath he who hath abandoned his own dear friend who knows the truth of friendship. 7 Unequal in the quickness of their spirit are friends endowed alike with eyes and hearing. 8 When friendly Brahmans sacrifice together with mental impulse which the heart hath fashioned, 9 Those men who step not back and move not forward, nor Brahmans nor preparers of libations, 10 All friends are joyful in the friend who cometh in triumph, having conquered in assembly. 11 One plies his constant task reciting verses. one sings the holy psalm in Sakvari measures.

2 There with fiend's ways e'en Prsni was seated: with much laudation they exalted Indra. 3 High are thy feet when on thy way thou goest: the strength thou foundest here hath lent thee vigour. 4 Speeding at once to sacrifice thou comest for friendship thou art bringing both Nasatyas. 5 Glad, for the race that rests on holy Order, with friends who hasten to their goal, hath Indra 6 Two of like name for him didst thou demolish, as Indra striking down the car of Usas. 7 War−loving Namuci thou smotest, robbing the Dasa of his magic for the Rsi. 8 These names of thine thou hast fulfilled completely: as Lord, thou boldest in thine arm, O Indra. 9 May the sweet Soma juices make him happy to cast his quoit that lies in depth of waters. 10 When others call him offspring of the Courser, my meaning is that Mighty Power produced him. 11 Like birds of beauteous wing the Priyamedhas, Rsis, imploring, have come nigh to Indra:

2 What genuine and most liberal draught will spirit thee with juice to burst 3 Do thou who art Protector of us thy friends who praise thee 4 Like as a courser's circling wheel, so turn thee hitherward to us, 5 Thou seekest as it were thine own stations with swift descent of powers: 6 What time thy courage and his wheels together, Indra, run their course 7 So even, Lord of Power and Might, the people call thee Maghavan, 8 And verily to him who toils and presses Soma juice for thee 9 No, not a hundred hinderers can check thy gracious bounty's flow, 10 May thine assistance keep us safe, thy hundred and thy thousand aids: 11 Do thou elect us this place for friendship and prosperity, 12 Favour us, Indra, evermore with overflowing store of wealth: 13 With new protections, Indra, like an archer, open thou forus 14 Our chariot, Indra, boldly moves endued with splendour, ne'er repulsed, 15 O Surya, make our fame to be most excellent among the Gods,

2 Whom, served with sacrificial oil like Mitra, men presenting gifts 3 Much−lauded Jatavedas, him who bears oblations up to heaven 4 To noblest Agni, Friend of man, best Vrtra−slayer, are we come, 5 To deathless Jatavedas, meet for praise, adored, with sacred oil, 6 Even Agni whom these priestly men worship with sacrificial gifts, 7 O Agni, this our newest hymn hath been addressed from us to thee, 8 Agni, may it be dear to thee, most grateful, and exceeding sweet: 9 Splendid with splendours may it be, and in the battle with the foe 10 Steed, cow, a lord of heroes, bright like Indra, who shall fill the car. 11 Thou whom Gopavana made glad with song, O Agni Angiras, 12 Thou whom the priestly folk implore to aid the gathering of the spoil, 13 I, called to him who reels with joy, Srutarvan, Rksa's son, shall stroke 14 Four coursers with a splendid car, Savistha's horses, fleet of foot, 15 The very truth do I declare to thee, Parusni, mighty flood.

2 What time the Rbus had with care and marvels done proper service to assist their Parents, 3 May they who made their Parents, who were lying like posts that moulder, young again for ever,− 4 As for a year the Rbhus kept the Milch−cow, throughout a year fashioned and formed her body, 5 Two beakers let us make,− thus said the eldest. Lct us make three,− this was the younger's sentence. 6 The men spake truth and even so they acted: this Godlike way of theirs the Rbhus followed. 7 When for twelve days the Rbhus joyed reposing as guests of him who never may be hidden, 8 May they who formed the swift car, bearing Heroes, and the Cow omniform and all−impelling, 9 So in their work the Gods had satisfaction, pondering it with thought and mental insight. 10 They whol made glad with sacrifice and praises, wrought the two Bays, his docile Steeds, for Indra,− 11 This day have they set gladdening drink before you. Not without toil are Gods inclined to friendship.